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The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture ANNUAL REPORTING FORM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Mark Radosevich, Associate Professor Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science Annual Performance Period: January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007 A. SUMMARY AND IMPACTS. 1. Summary. Provide an overall summary (500 words or less) of your accomplishments during the reporting period. Using Bio-Sep® beads containing varying concentrations of atrazine, we were able to monitor shifts in microbial community structure due to in situ enrichment using atrazine as a substrate in agricultural soils that varied in their atrazine exposure history. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 16S rDNA-based phylogenic probes and 16S rDNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to assess the community composition of bacteria that colonized the beads. Atrazine dissipation in soil in which the beads were deployed was rapid indicating that atrazine-degrading bacteria responsive to atrazine additions were present in the soils selected for bead deployment. DGGE analysis revealed that the soil and bead communities were distinctly different. Atrazine concentration within the beads appeared to influence the community composition to a greater extent than the prior atrazine treatment history to the soils in which the beads were buried. Eubacterial biomass increased by approximately 5-40 fold in atrazine containing beads relative to atrazine-free beads suggesting an enrichment in atrazine-degrading bacteria within the baited beads. The phylogenetic distribution within the bead communities varied depending upon i) atrazine concentration and ii) the prior history of atrazine application to the soil in which the beads were buried. In beads buried in soil with a recent history of atrazine application, the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80 fold in beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg-1 of beads. In the beads from non-history soil, Actinobacteria were enriched by only 10 fold while the greatest enrichment was observed for the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes which increased by 60 and 25 fold respectively. While a number of atrazine-degrading bacteria classified within the gamma-Proteobacteria have been isolated, no such bacteria have been described within the Planctomycetes. Very few cultivated representatives from this phylum have been reported but their apparent role in protein decomposition and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox reaction) has been documented. In enrichment cultures derived from soil incubated Bio-Sep beads, bacteria from this phylum were detected and we hypothesize that the growth of these bacteria in atrazine-degrading enrichment cultures is supported by oxidation of alkylamines released during the degradation of atrazine by other members of the consortia. Attempts to isolate these bacteria to date have been unsuccessful. At the higher atrazine concentration (200 mg atrazine kg-1 of beads) the gamma Proteobacteria were enriched by 120 and 230 fold in the beads buried in history and non-history soil, respectively. The alpha-Proteobacteria were enriched to a much lesser extent; 10 and 20 fold in the history and non-history beads, respectively. Interestingly, the relative enrichment of Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes that were observed at the lower atrazine concentration did not occur in beads containing the higher atrazine concentration of 200 mg atrazine kg-1 of beads. The results demonstrate that BioSep beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a highly diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation and have the potential for isolation of other novel soil bacteria with unique metabolic phenotypes such production of antibiotics, other pharmaceuticals, and commercially valuable enzymes. Started a new project, established a large culture collection of 1000 bacteria for use in the project. 2. Impacts. List up to three significant impacts of your program. Impact statements should be one to three sentences and should be written in a way that would be meaningful to the public. This research will result in an improved ability to assess the persistence and ecological impact of these economically important herbicides. This ability will ultimately result in management practices that minimize the ecological impact of these chemicals. The cultivation of new bacterial strains with the methods developed in this research provides an effective new bioprospecting tool and will lead to the discovery of commercially valuable biological molecules such as biocontrol agents, antibiotics, enzymes (i.e. useful for biomass conversion in biofuels production), and other pharmaceutical compounds. B. PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS (EXTENSION, RESEARCH AND TEACHING). As applicable, list title, names of participants (PIs, Leaders, Co-PIs, Co-leaders, Collaborators etc.), project number, sponsor, your role ( leader/co-leader/collaborator) and your percent effort on the project as stated in the project description or document. Radosevich, M. (PI), D.C. White, and O.H. Tuovinen. 2004-07. Atrazine-Degrading Microbial Populations in Soil and Wetlands: Linking Degradation to Diversity. Funded by United States Dept. of Agriculture, Soil and Soil Biology Program. ($438,000). 15% effort (One year no cost extension through 2008) Wommack, K.E., M. Radosevich (C0-PI), and J.J. Fuhrmann. 2004-08. Incorporation of viruses into the ecological paradigms of soil microbial communities. Funded by United States Dept. of Agriculture, Soil and Soil Biology Program. ($455,000). 10% effort Radosevich, M., K.E. Wommack, S.J. Williamson, and S. Pfifner. 2007-2011. MO: Collaborative Research: Influence of Land Management on Soil Bacteriophage Community Structure at the Kellogg Biological Station LTER. NSF/USDA Microbial Observatories Program. $1,351,000. (10% effort) Radosevich, M. and C. Williams. 2007-2008. Microbial degradation of emerging contaminants. Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch Program. $100,000. (10% effort) C. INSTRUCTION, TEACHING AND EXTENSION EDUCATION. Detail credit and non-credit instruction and teaching activities. 1. College credit instruction. List courses in which you were an instructor or guest lecturer during the current calendar year. Include special topics, independent study and internship courses. Provide course number and title, your involvement, semester(s), credit hours and number of students. Please append a summary of teaching evaluations (student and/or peer) if this information is available.
2. Formal continuing education (certification programs, seminar series, in-service training, field days, faculty and/or staff training, journal club, etc.). Provide descriptive title of activity, your involvement, number of participants or students involved, number and duration of each session.
3. Extension presentations and workshops. Indicate title, type, and scope of presentation; number of times presented; attendance estimates. Include evidence of effectiveness (e.g. evaluation summaries) where applicable.
4. Public addresses to lay audiences (TV/radio presentations, service groups, etc.). Indicate title, type, scope of presentation; number of times presented; attendance estimates. Include evidence of effectiveness (e.g. evaluation summaries) where applicable.
5. Presentations at professional meetings, without published abstracts. List presenter, co-authors (if any), title, date and name of meeting (list scientific oral or poster presentations having published abstracts or proceedings at D5). 6. Student mentoring. Fill in the boxes to indicate number of students in each category.
7. Student or commodity club activities (e.g. club advisor, team competitions, honor or professional societies, etc.). List the club or group; your role with the club or group; and the activities, honors or awards received by this group under your mentorship. 8. Other instructional and teaching activities. D. PUBLICATIONS. List only publications that were published during the annual reporting period (for #8, submitted during reporting period). Format citations as typical and appropriate for outlet. If a co-author(s) is a student or was working under your direct supervision, place an asterisk after that person's name. 1. Refereed articles or refereed reviews appearing in peer-reviewed professional journals. K.E. Williamson, M. Radosevich, D.W. Smith, and K.E. Wommack. 2007. Incidence of lysogeny within temperate and extreme soil environments. Environ. Microbiol. 9:2563-2574. S.R. Bench, T.E. Hanson, M. Radosevich, D. Ghosh, M. Radosevich, and K. Wang. 2007. Metagenomic Characterization of Chesapeake Bay Virioplankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:7629-7641. 2. Book chapters or books. 3. Bulletins, reports, circulars, pamphlets, factsheets. 4. Popular press, trade, UTIA magazine or newsletter articles. 5. Abstracts from scientific or discipline meetings, papers from conference proceedings, etc. 6. Theses/Dissertations completed by students that you directed. 7. Other publications. 8. Articles submitted during the reporting period that are in review, in press or rejected. Please do not list articles in preparation. Ghosh, D., K. E. Williamson, D.C. White, K. E.Wommack, K. L. Sublette, and M. Radosevich*. 2007. Lysogeny is prevalent among soil bacteria and the 16S rRNA and trzN genes are present in viral community DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol published online ahead of print on 9 November 2007, doi:10.1128/AEM.01435-01407. (in press) K.E. Williamson, J.B. Schnitker, M. Radosevich, D.W. Smith, and K.E. Wommack. 2007. Cultivation-Based Assessment of Lysogeny Among Soil Bacteria. Microb. Ecol. (in press) Roy, K., D. Ghosh, K.E. Wommack, K.E. Williamson, K. L. Sublette, and M. Radosevich. 2007. Viruses listen when bacteria talk: Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) can induce prophage from lysogenic bacteria. (rejected) E. FUNDING. Format each entry as a citation, include as applicable: investigators (with percent effort shown on grant or contract document), title, source/agency. 1. Grant and contract proposals submitted but not awarded during this reporting period. Indicate date of submission and status (still pending, rejected). Radosevich, M. (64%), Susan Pfiffner (36%). Impact of Phage-Mediated Cell Lysis & Transduction on Natural & Stimulated Attenuation at DOE Legacy. DOE Office of Science Program. 5/3/07. $148,969. (rejected) Womac, A. R. (40%), W. E. Hart (20%), S. A. Hawkins (10%), M. Radosevich (10%), A. M. Johnson (20%). Land Application of By-Products from 1,3 Propanediol (BioPDO) Fermentation Process. Dupont-Tate & Lyle Bio-Products Company. 9/15/07. $260,852. (rejected) 2. Grants and contracts awarded during this reporting period. List inclusive period of support (start and end dates) and total amount of award. Radosevich, M. (60%), Susan Pfiffner (40%). MO: Collab. research: Influence of land mgt. practices on virus-host interactions in soil.. USDA CSREES . 7/1/07-6/30/11. $1,351,370. Radosevich, M. (10%). Microbial degradation of emerging contaminants. TAES-Hatch. 7/1/01-6/30/09. $100,000. 3. Grants and contracts awarded in past years that continued into this reporting period. List inclusive period of support (start and end dates) and total amount of award. Radosevich, M. (40%), David C. White (40%), John Biggerstaff (20%), Olli Tuovinen (00%). Atrazine-Degrading Microbial Populations in Soil and Wetlands: Linking Degradation to Diversity. NRI. 9/1/04-8/31/07. $438,000. Radosevich, M. (100%). Incorporation of Viruses into the Ecological Paradigms of Soil Microbial Communities. USDA CSREES. 9/1/04-8/31/08. $151,611. 4. Gifts. List recipients, donor, items or amount donated and dollar equivalent received during the reporting period. 5. Grant reports submitted. List authors, title, to whom submitted, date submitted. Annual PI meetings for USDA-NRI Soil Processes program 6. Other (e.g. sales, royalties). F. OTHER CREATIVE ACTIVITIES.
G. SERVICE. List client outreach activities (both public and private sectors) and professional service.
H. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (meetings, workshops, classes, trips, etc.). List the event or activity, sponsor, duration of event and your role. Viral Metagenomics Annotation Workshop. University of Delaware. One week (40 hrs) in August, 2007. Participant. I. PERSONNEL SUPERVISION. List the postdoctoral fellows, research associates, research assistants, technicians, extension associates, extension assistants, graduate assistants, undergraduate students, clerical personnel or others that you supervised during the year.
J. HONORS AND AWARDS. List honors and awards received during reporting period, including the name of the organization presenting the award. BESS Faculty Service Award | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||