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The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture ANNUAL REPORTING FORM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Donald Tyler, Professor Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science Annual Performance Period: January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006 A. SUMMARY AND IMPACTS. 1. Summary. Provide an overall summary (500 words or less) of your accomplishments during the reporting period. Low-level remote sensing, using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), is being used in a long term, established since 1981, nitrogen, cover crop and tillage experiment for cotton. The data is being used for predictions of crop growth and maturity as estimated by the cotton crop management model, COTMAN. The NDVI is providing adequate information to replace the more labor intensive measurements presently needed for COTMAN. Boll temperature is also being measured and compared with air temperature and solar radiation to enhance prediction of boll maturation and subsequent cessation of pesticides and defoliation application. This experiment has also been used to compare liming strategies for correction of soil acidity. An economic analysis of the comparison of the full and one-half rate of lime for cotton production indicates that for six years after application, the half rate is more profitable than the full recommended rate. The reproduction of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is being evaluated in a long term no-tillage and tillage experiment begun in 1979. In 2002, plots of each long term treatment were split and one-half of each plot the tillage system was reversed. Along with cyst nematode populations, data for levels of bacteria, fungi, and protozoan are also being measured. In 2006, the largest difference in SCN was between the long- term moldboard half, and the half converted to no-tillage. SCN reproduction increased 12 fold in the tilled half but only 1.5 in the no-tillage half. Total bacteria also increased in the tilled half and were inversely related to fungi populations. The interactions of the various soil organisms and nematodes are being evaluated using regression and principle component analysis. Soil cover and surface biomass are being measured in a long-term rotation experiment started in the fall of 2001. The rotations involve cotton, corn, and soybeans with grass and legume winter covers and applications of poultry litter. One unique finding is more surface cover in continuous no-till cotton compared to soybean before planting in the spring. These data are being used in conjunction with soil carbon levels to refine the soil conditioning index (SCI), and are also being compared to estimates of soil cover from the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE2). The Department of Energy has chosen switchgrass as the model crop for a herbaceous feedstock for alternative energy production strategies such as cellulose to ethanol. Switchgrass production is being evaluated on four common soil-landscape combinations ranging from well-drained highly productive uplands to poorly drained floodplains. Two experiments are on each location. One involves the interaction of four nitrogen rates, 0 to 210 kg N/ha, and five seeding rates, 2.8 to 14 kg pure live seed/ha. The other experiment compares three synthetic switchgrass cultivars to the standard “Alamo” cultivar. Yields for 2006, the third season of growth are presently being measured. Weed control research for switchgrass is also underway. 2. Impacts. List up to three significant impacts of your program. Impact statements should be one to three sentences and should be written in a way that would be meaningful to the public. The use of ethanol made from cellulosic sources in contrast to starch sources such as corn grain, could be a viable energy alternative to fossil fuel based gasoline. Switchgrass is perennial high producing grass crop that is well suited to TN and can be converted to ethanol to replace gasoline. It would offer the Southeast an alternative, competitive crop as compared to corn grain for energy crop production. We are determining the most efficient production methods for this crop including variety selection and fertilization methods so that our producers can be prepared to quickly respond to the market development of this energy crop. Soils in most of the Southeast USA are acidic and require limestone for maximum crop yield. We have determined that present lime recommendations are too high and costly for use of variable rate technologies for lime application. Refinements of recommendations to farmers from the UT soil test lab will mean more efficient lime use and more profit per acre from lime investment. The soybean cyst nematode is a very small worm that feeds on soybean roots and decreases soybean yield. It is one of the major yield limiting factors in soybean production in TN. The use of pesticides for control is expensive, and not very effective, and varieties bred for resistance have limited long term value. We are determining the reason for some declines in nematode populations with certain tillage practices, including no-tillage. This information will be used in developing natural biological control practices to reduce the effect of the nematode. B. PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS (EXTENSION, RESEARCH AND TEACHING). As applicable, list title, names of participants (PIs, Leaders, Co-PIs, Co-leaders, Collaborators etc.), project number, sponsor, your role ( leader/co-leader/collaborator) and your percent effort on the project as stated in the project description or document. Landscape Processes and Soil Management Strategies for Enhanced Agricultural Sustainability. D.D. Tyler, A.Houston, M. Mullen, M. Essington, J. Wilkerson, W. Hart, D. Yoder, R. Roberts, C. Harden, J. Logan, N. Eash, P. Donald, B. Leib. TENN00300. Hatch, Leader. 60%. Development of a Framework and Modeling Tool for Spatially-Explicit Full Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Accounting at the Regional to National Scale: Estimating Net C-Equivalent Flux from U.S. Agriculture. Tristram West, Daniel De La Torre Ugarte, Gregg Marland, James Larson, Donald Tyler. NASA. Co-PI. 5%. Switchgrass Project. Burt English, Daniel De La Torre Ugarte, Roland Roberts, Donald Tyler, Marie Walsh. DOE. Co-PI. 10% Soybean Production for Enhanced Production and Environmental Quality. Donald Tyler. USDA. PI. 20%. C. INSTRUCTION, TEACHING AND EXTENSION EDUCATION. Detail credit and non-credit instruction and teaching activities. 1. College credit instruction. List courses in which you were an instructor or guest lecturer during the current calendar year. Include special topics, independent study and internship courses. Provide course number and title, your involvement, semester(s), credit hours and number of students. Please append a summary of teaching evaluations (student and/or peer) if this information is available.
2. Formal continuing education (certification programs, seminar series, in-service training, field days, faculty and/or staff training, journal club, etc.). Provide descriptive title of activity, your involvement, number of participants or students involved, number and duration of each session.
3. Extension presentations and workshops. Indicate title, type, and scope of presentation; number of times presented; attendance estimates. Include evidence of effectiveness (e.g. evaluation summaries) where applicable.
4. Public addresses to lay audiences (TV/radio presentations, service groups, etc.). Indicate title, type, scope of presentation; number of times presented; attendance estimates. Include evidence of effectiveness (e.g. evaluation summaries) where applicable.
5. Presentations at professional meetings, without published abstracts. List presenter, co-authors (if any), title, date and name of meeting (list scientific oral or poster presentations having published abstracts or proceedings at D5). West, T.O. C.C. Brandt, B.S. Wilson, C.M. Hellwincke, M. Mueller, D.D. Tyler, D.G. De La Torre Ugarte, J.A. Larson, R.G. Nelson and G. Marland. 2006. Estimating regional changes in soil carbon with high spatiql resolution: integraqting field measurements, inventory data, and remote sensing products. Joint Workshop on NASA Biodiversity, Terrestrial Ecology, and Related Applied Sciences, University of Maryland, Adelphi, Maryland: 21-25 August 2006 6. Student mentoring. Fill in the boxes to indicate number of students in each category.
7. Student or commodity club activities (e.g. club advisor, team competitions, honor or professional societies, etc.). List the club or group; your role with the club or group; and the activities, honors or awards received by this group under your mentorship. 8. Other instructional and teaching activities. Natural Resource Management Class, Union University, Soils of TN guest lecture, June 3, 2006 Ecology Class, Union University, Natural Resoruces of TN guest lecture, April 27 Natural Resources Management Class, Freed Hardeman University guest lecture, September 19 Farming without the plow: No-tillaqge Farming is common in the USA, guest lecture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China, June 26, 2006 No-tillage research in the USA with emphasis on the Souteastern USA, guest lecture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yucherng Agricultural Experimental Station, Yucheng, China, July 29, 2006 Precision Farming: Effective use of new technologies, guest lecture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yucheng Agricultural Experimental Station, Yucheng, China, July 30,2006 D. PUBLICATIONS. List only publications that were published during the annual reporting period (for #8, submitted during reporting period). Format citations as typical and appropriate for outlet. If a co-author(s) is a student or was working under your direct supervision, place an asterisk after that person's name. 1. Refereed articles or refereed reviews appearing in peer-reviewed professional journals. Devine, W. D., D. D. Tyler, M. D. Mullen, A. E. Houston, J. D. Joslin, D. G. Hodges, V. R. Tolbert, and M. E. Walsh. 2006. Devine, W. D.*, D. D. Tyler, M. D. Mullen, A. E. Houston, J. D. Joslin, and M. E. Walsh. 2005. Conversion from an American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) biomass crop to a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) system: Crop yields and management implications.. Soil and Tillage Research 87(1): 101-111. 2. Book chapters or books. 3. Bulletins, reports, circulars, pamphlets, factsheets. 4. Popular press, trade, UTIA magazine or newsletter articles. 5. Abstracts from scientific or discipline meetings, papers from conference proceedings, etc. Larson, J. A., R. K. Roberts, R. L. Cochran, and D. D. Tyler. 2006. Lime and nitrogen fertilization effects on cotton profitability for alternative winter cover and tillage systems. Soil and Water Conservation Society 2006 Conference Abstracts, pp. 58, July 22-26, 2006, Keystone, CO. Tyler, D. D. 2006. Development and Adoption of No-tillage soybean and cotton systems from long-term experiments. [CD-ROM] 18th World Congress of Soil Science, 9-15 July 2006, Philadelphia, PA. Walker, F. R., Ryan, N. P., D. D. Tyler, F. L. Allen, and D. C. Yoder. 2006. Effect of crop rotations, winter cover crops and winter weed on surface residue in soybean, corn and cotton no-tillage systems. 98th Annual Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. Wight, J. P., F. L. Allen, and D. D. Tyler. 2006. Changes in total soil organic carbon due to crop rotation and bio-cover under no-tillage production. [CD-Rom] 18th World Congress of Soil Science, 9-15 July 2006, Philadeplphia, PA. 6. Theses/Dissertations completed by students that you directed. 7. Other publications. 8. Articles submitted during the reporting period that are in review, in press or rejected. Please do not list articles in preparation. Cochran R. L., J. A. Larson, R. K. Roberts, and D. D. Tyler. 2006. Cotton profitability with alternative lime application rates, cover crops, nitrogen rates, and tillage methods. Agronomy Journal. (in review) E. FUNDING. Format each entry as a citation, include as applicable: investigators (with percent effort shown on grant or contract document), title, source/agency. 1. Grant and contract proposals submitted but not awarded during this reporting period. Indicate date of submission and status (still pending, rejected). Eash, N. S. (35%), F. R. Walker (35%), D. D. Tyler (30%). Internationalizing curricula & student perspectives through collaborative international research. USDA CSREES. 2/2/06. $149,439. (rejected) Patricia Donald (35%), D. D. Tyler (35%), Owen Gwathmey (5%), F. R. Walker (25%). Manure Application to Reduce Soybean Cyst Nematode. TN Sybean Promotion Board. 12/15/06. $18,740. (rejected) 2. Grants and contracts awarded during this reporting period. List inclusive period of support (start and end dates) and total amount of award. Eash, N. S. (34%), F. R. Walker (33%), D. D. Tyler (33%). Initiating Research and Teaching Collaboration with the University of Lesotho--funded. UT Ready for the World. 3/7/07-4/7/07. $5,000. 3. Grants and contracts awarded in past years that continued into this reporting period. List inclusive period of support (start and end dates) and total amount of award. Tristam West (60%), Greg Marland (30%), Jim Larson (10%), Daniel De Le Ugarte (10%), D. D. Tyler (10%). Development of a framework and modeling tool for spatially-explicit full carbon and greenhouse. NASA. 1/1/05-12/31/08. $600,000. Tyler, D. D. (30%). Soybean management to enhance production and environmental quality . USDA. 8/1/04-2/1/06. $92,000. Burt English (20%), Daniel De La Torre Ugarte (10%), Roland Roberts (10%), D. D. Tyler (10%), Marie Walsh (10%). Switchgrass Project. DOE. 6/1/04-12/31/08. $960,000. 4. Gifts. List recipients, donor, items or amount donated and dollar equivalent received during the reporting period. 5. Grant reports submitted. List authors, title, to whom submitted, date submitted. Don Tyler, Progress in 2005 to USDA-ARS Soybean management cooperative agreement, June, 2006 6. Other (e.g. sales, royalties). F. OTHER CREATIVE ACTIVITIES.
G. SERVICE. List client outreach activities (both public and private sectors) and professional service.
H. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (meetings, workshops, classes, trips, etc.). List the event or activity, sponsor, duration of event and your role. 2006 Annual Meeting of ASAS, CSSA, and SSSA, Novembver 12-16, 2006, presented paper 18th World Congress of Soil Science, July 9-15, 2006, presented papers. I. PERSONNEL SUPERVISION. List the postdoctoral fellows, research associates, research assistants, technicians, extension associates, extension assistants, graduate assistants, undergraduate students, clerical personnel or others that you supervised during the year.
J. HONORS AND AWARDS. List honors and awards received during reporting period, including the name of the organization presenting the award. 2006 Sothern Conservaion Systems Conference Service Award presented by Souhern onservation Tillage Conference Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||